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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. BigchainDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. BigchainDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonBigchainDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAnalytic DBMS for HadoopBigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assetsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.85
Rank#208  Overall
#35  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comimpala.apache.orgwww.bigchaindb.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorertinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlbigchaindb.readthedocs.io/­en/­latestdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoft
Initial release19842013201620192009
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL v3commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++PythonJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
LinuxLinuxhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
CLI Client
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDByesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosyesAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache ImpalaBigchainDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTinkerGraph
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