DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. GeoMesa vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. GeoMesa vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stack

GeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal DBMS based on various systems as storage layer.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#172	Overall
	#79	Relational DBMS

Score	0.78
Rank	#213	Overall
	#4	Spatial DBMS

Website

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

kylin.apache.org/docs

www.geomesa.org/documentation/stable/user/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay Inc

CCRi and others

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2013

2015

2014

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

3.1.0, July 2020

5.0.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Scala

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

ANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

depending on storage layer

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

depending on storage layer

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

depending on storage layer

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

depending on storage layer

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

depending on the DBMS used for storage

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
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Spatial database management systems
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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala 4 Supports Operator Multi-Threading
29 July 2021, iProgrammer

Cloudera Bringing Impala to AWS Cloud
28 November 2017, Datanami

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

Apache Doris just 'graduated': Why care about this SQL data warehouse
24 June 2022, InfoWorld

Hudi: Uber Engineering’s Incremental Processing Framework on Apache Hadoop
12 March 2017, Uber

provided by Google News

Overhauling Apache Kylin for the cloud
18 November 2021, InfoWorld

eBay's Kylin Becomes a Top-Level Apache Open Source Project
9 December 2015, eBay Inc.

The Apache Software Foundation Announces Apache™ Kylin™ as a Top-Level Project
8 December 2015, GlobeNewswire

Bringing interactive BI to big data – O'Reilly
1 May 2017, oreilly.com

Distributed OLAPer Kyligence accelerates core engine, adds real-time data support – Blocks and Files
10 August 2021, Blocks & Files

provided by Google News

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