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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MonetDB vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MonetDB vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA relational database management system that stores data in columnsScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.monetdb.orgterminusdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.monetdb.org/­Documentationterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftMonetDB BVDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release19842012201920042018
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 2024cloud service with continuous releasesDec2023 (11.49), December 202311.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0Open Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCProlog, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
hostedFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes, in SQL, C, Ryes
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding via remote tablesGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusJournaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMonetDBTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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