DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Firebird vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Firebird vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.85
Rank	#96	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS
	#6	Time Series DBMS

Score	19.46
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

druid.apache.org

www.firebirdsql.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Firebird Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2012

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

30.0.0, June 2024

5.0.1, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PSQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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