DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. TerminusDB vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. TerminusDB vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Score	1.44
Rank	#158	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.citusdata.com

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

DataChemist Ltd.

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2012

2010

2018

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

8.1, December 2018

11.0.0, January 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

GPL V3

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Prolog, Rust

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

JavaScript
Python

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Graph Partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Journaling Streams

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

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