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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Apache Kylin vs. Ingres vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. Apache Kylin vs. Ingres vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackWell established RDBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgkylin.apache.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingres
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncActian Corporation8Kdata
Initial release1984201220151974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2016
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 20243.1.0, July 202011.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaCJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
LinuxAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedhorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidApache KylinIngresToroDB
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