DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. CockroachDB vs. ITTIA vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. CockroachDB vs. ITTIA vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Edge Time Series DBMS with Real-Time Stream Processing

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	0.39
Rank	#273	Overall
	#24	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

drill.apache.org

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.ittia.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

drill.apache.org/docs

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Cockroach Labs

ITTIA L.L.C.

8Kdata

Initial release

1984

2012

2015

2007

2016

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.20.3, January 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

8.7

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

dynamic schema

Fixed schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Float/Blob/Integer/String/Unicode/Date/Time/Timestamp/Interval

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C++
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Depending on the underlying data source

Role-based access control

Database file passwords

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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