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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.comus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.stardog.comtechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
Developer4D, IncAmazonMicrosoftStardog-UnionTmaxSoft
Initial release19842017201920102003
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.3.0, May 20206, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and Assembler
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStardogTibero
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