DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. H2GIS vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. H2GIS vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Spatial extension of H2

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.29
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#368	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/neptune

www.h2gis.org

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

docs.voltdb.com

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

CNRS

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

1984

2017

2013

2010

Current release

v20, April 2023

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Java, C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

based on H2

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

yes

based on H2

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

based on H2

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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