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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Datomic vs. GBase vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Datomic vs. GBase vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.datomic.comwww.gbase.cnwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.datomic.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
Developer4D, IncAmazonCognitectGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release19842017201220041998
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 2023GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC, Java, Python
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92nonoStandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
C#C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functionsPL/SQL
TriggersyesnoBy using transaction functionsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peershorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith encyption-at-restyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)noyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon NeptuneDatomicGBaseTimesTen
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