DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Cassandra vs. Cubrid vs. GigaSpaces

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Cassandra vs. Cubrid vs. GigaSpaces

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Fast, reliable graph database built for the cloud

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

High performance in-memory data grid platform, powering three products: Smart Cache, Smart ODS (Operational Data Store), Smart Augmented Transactions

Primary database model

Document store
Object oriented DBMS

Values are user defined objects

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Graph DBMS
Search engine

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.20
Rank	#113	Overall
	#9	Graph DBMS
	#5	RDF stores

Score	98.94
Rank	#11	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.97
Rank	#189	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	0.91
Rank	#197	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#7	Object oriented DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/neptune

cassandra.apache.org

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

www.gigaspaces.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/neptune/developer-resources

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

cubrid.org/manuals

docs.gigaspaces.com/latest/landing.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Gigaspaces Technologies

Initial release

1984

2017

2008

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

5.0-rc1, July 2024

11.0, January 2021

15.5, September 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C, C++, Java

Java, C++, .Net

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML can be used for describing objects metadata

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

SQL-99 for query and DML statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

GigaSpaces LRMI
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C++
Java
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

yes, event driven architecture

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

synchronous or asynchronous
Source-replica replication

synchronous or asynchronous

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Map-Reduce pattern can be built with XAP task executors

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable: ALL, QUORUM, ANY

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with encyption-at-rest

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Apache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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