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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Neptune vs. Apache IoTDB vs. H2 vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­neptuneiotdb.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
Developer4D, IncAmazonApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release19842017201820052017
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20232.2.220, July 20236.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like query languageyesno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
OpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
JavaC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasereplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon NeptuneApache IoTDBH2RDFox
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