DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Aurora vs. Dgraph vs. LokiJS

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Aurora vs. Dgraph vs. LokiJS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible cloud service by Amazon

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	7.91
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora

dgraph.io

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/CHAP_Aurora.html

dgraph.io/docs

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Initial release

1984

2015

2016

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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Amazon - the rising star in the DBMS market
3 August 2015, Matthias Gelbmann

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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