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DBMS > 4D vs. Altibase vs. Drizzle vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Altibase vs. Drizzle vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAltibase  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMSMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#186  Overall
#87  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaltibase.comcloud.google.com/­spannertinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­ALTIBASE/­Documents/­tree/­master/­Manualscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncAltibaseDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerGoogle
Initial release19841999200820172009
Current releasev20, April 2023v7.3, 2023, August 20237.2.4, September 2012
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoOpen source edition discontinued with March 2023Open Source infoGNU GPLcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92ANSI SQL-92yes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C++
Java
C
C++
Java
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesstored procedures and stored functionsnonono
Triggersyesyesno infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.nono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no

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4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAltibaseDrizzleGoogle Cloud SpannerTinkerGraph
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