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DBMS > 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AllegroGraph vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAllegroGraph  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemHigh performance, persistent RDF store with additional support for Graph DBMSDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infowith version 6.5
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#187  Overall
#30  Document stores
#17  Graph DBMS
#7  RDF stores
#7  Vector DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comallegrograph.comwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spannerhive.apache.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comfranz.com/­agraph/­support/­documentation/­current/­agraph-introduction.htmldocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Home
Developer4D, IncFranz Inc.CognitectGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by Facebook
Initial release19842004201220172012
Current releasev20, April 20238.0, December 20231.0.6735, June 20233.1.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infobulk load of XML files possiblenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SPARQL is used as query languagenoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C#
Clojure
Java
Lisp
Perl
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoJavaScript or Common Lispyes infoTransaction Functionsnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduce
TriggersyesyesBy using transaction functionsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonewith Federationnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoquery execution via MapReduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAllegroGraphDatomicGoogle Cloud SpannerHive
Specific characteristicsKnowledge Graph Platform Leader FedShard - Designed for Entity-Event Knowledge Graph...
» more
Competitive advantagesAllegroGraph is uniquely suited to support adhoc queries through SPARQL, Prolog and...
» more
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