DBMS > 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud Table Store vs. CockroachDB vs. ToroDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

A fully managed Wide Column Store for large quantities of semi-structured data with real-time access

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.26
Rank	#301	Overall
	#12	Wide column stores

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

www.alibabacloud.com/product/table-store

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/torodb/server

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/tablestore

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Alibaba

Cockroach Labs

8Kdata

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2016

2015

2016

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.1.1, May 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

dynamic schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API

JDBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Java
Python

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights based on subaccounts and tokens

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

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Related products and services

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More resources

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