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DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemJavaScript DBMS libraryCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#256  Overall
#40  Document stores
#118  Relational DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comalasql.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreross.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreross.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
Developer4D, IncAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftTobias Oetiker
Initial release19842014201220191999
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases1.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT-LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptC infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hostedhostedHP-UX
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JavaScript APIAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaScriptJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnolimited functionality with using 'rules'Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersyesyesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAlaSQLFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRRDtool
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