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DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SAP Adaptive Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SAP Adaptive Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAlaSQL  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemJavaScript DBMS libraryDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformThe SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS infowith Boeing's Spatial Query Server
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#256  Overall
#40  Document stores
#118  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score35.09
Rank#25  Overall
#17  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comalasql.orgwww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-ase.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­AlaSQL/­alasqldocs.datomic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_ASE
Developer4D, IncAndrey Gershun & Mathias R. WulffCognitectMicrosoftSAP, Sybase
Initial release19842014201220191987
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.7075, December 2023cloud service with continuous releases16.0
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT-Licensecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptJava, ClojureC and C++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)All OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.noKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JavaScript APIRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
JavaScriptClojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoTransaction FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava and Transact-SQL
TriggersyesyesBy using transaction functionsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnonenone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes infoonly for local storage and DOM-storageACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoby using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorageyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnonoAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAlaSQLDatomicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE
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