DBMS > 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Databend vs. H2 vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. AlaSQL vs. Databend vs. H2 vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

JavaScript DBMS library

An open-source, elastic, and workload-aware cloud data warehouse designed to meet businesses' massive-scale analytics needs at low cost and with low complexity

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.51
Rank	#256	Overall
	#40	Document stores
	#118	Relational DBMS

Score	0.34
Rank	#283	Overall
	#130	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

alasql.org

github.com/datafuselabs/databend
www.databend.com

www.h2database.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/AlaSQL/alasql

docs.databend.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Andrey Gershun & Mathias R. Wulff

Databend Labs

Thomas Mueller

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2014

2021

2005

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.59, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

MIT-License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Rust

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

hosted
Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

Close to SQL99, but no user access control, stored procedures and host language bindings.

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JavaScript API

CLI Client
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

JavaScript

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

only for local storage and DOM-storage

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using IndexedDB, SQL.JS or proprietary FileStorage

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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