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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Lovefield vs. TDengine vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Lovefield vs. TDengine vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonTDengine  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptTime Series DBMS and big data platformVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score2.60
Rank#107  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldgithub.com/­taosdata/­TDengine
tdengine.com
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.tdengine.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGGoogleTDEngine, previously Taos DataOpenLink Software
Initial release19841971201420191998
Current releasev20, April 20232.1.12, February 20173.0, August 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL V3, also commercial editions availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptCC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaySQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternStandard SQL with extensions for time-series applicationsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalJavaScriptC
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalnonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesnoUsing read-only observersyes, via alarm monitoringyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistanoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event ReplicatornoneyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)noyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"LovefieldTDengineVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsTDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosTDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsTDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"LovefieldTDengineVirtuoso
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