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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Graphite vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Graphite vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformData logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperFully managed big data interactive analytics platformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlgithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGChris DavisMicrosoft
Initial release19841971200620192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current releasev20, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases10 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languagePythonC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
Linux
Unix
hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesNumeric data onlyyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
HTTP API
Sockets
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalJavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin NaturalnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersyesnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistanoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event Replicatornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infolockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)noAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"GraphiteMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgres-XL
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