DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Lovefield vs. PieCloudDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Lovefield vs. PieCloudDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

OLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments

used typically together with the Natural programming platform

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A cloud-native analytic database platform with new technologoy for elastic MPP

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Multivalue DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.13
Rank	#114	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	2.54
Rank	#104	Overall
	#1	Multivalue DBMS

Score	2.70
Rank	#100	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#299	Overall
	#135	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#282	Overall
	#129	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.softwareag.com/en_corporate/platform/adabas-natural.html

cloud.google.com/spanner

google.github.io/lovefield

www.openpie.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

Developer

4D, Inc

Software AG

Google

OpenPie

Initial release

1984

1971

2017

2014

Current release

v20, April 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

2.1, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE

hosted

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

hosted

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

with add-on product Adabas SQL Gateway

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

HTTP API

with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API

with add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

Natural

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript

Java
PL/SQL
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in Natural

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vista

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, with add-on product Event Replicator

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

only with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

User Roles and pluggable authentication with full SQL Standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

PieCloudDB, OpenPie's flagship product, is a cutting-edge cloud-native data warehouse....
» more

Competitive advantages

Extreme Elastic: PieCloudDB utilizes a cutting-edge eMPP cloud-native architecture...
» more

Typical application scenarios

PieCloudDB is ideal for Data mining applications that require extreme scalability...
» more

Key customers

Sail-Cloud China Shipbuilding Group Haizhou System Soochow Securities etc.,
» more

Licensing and pricing models

PieCloudDB Community Edition: Community License, Free Download, Self-Hosted Deployment；...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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