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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Datomic vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Datomic vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilitydata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.datomic.comhive.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGCognitectApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoft
Initial release19841971201220122019
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 20233.1.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalClojure
Java
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalyes infoTransaction Functionsyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesnoBy using transaction functionsnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistanone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event Replicatornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)noAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DatomicHiveMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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