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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Lovefield

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlwww.datomic.comduckdb.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefield
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.datomic.comduckdb.org/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.md
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGCognitectGoogle
Initial release19841971201220182014
Current releasev20, April 20231.0.6735, June 20230.10, February 20242.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++JavaScript
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
All OS with a Java VMserver-lessserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaynoyesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder pattern
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
RESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalClojure
Java
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalyes infoTransaction Functionsnono
TriggersyesnoBy using transaction functionsnoUsing read-only observers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas Vistanone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event Replicatornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)nonono

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"DatomicDuckDBLovefield
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