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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Search engineDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#112  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.49
Rank#79  Overall
#12  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­datastore
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docs
DeveloperAmazonElasticGoogle
Initial release201720102008
Current release8.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details here
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (GQL)
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesusing Google App Engine
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks using the Google Apps Engine
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesMulti-source replication using Paxos
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneElasticsearchGoogle Cloud Datastore
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