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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Stardog vs. TiDB vs. TigerGraph vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Stardog vs. TiDB vs. TigerGraph vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.94
Rank#72  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#141  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score0.12
Rank#344  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.postgresql.orgwww.stardog.compingcap.comwww.tigergraph.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.stardog.comdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stabledocs.tigergraph.com
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerStardog-UnionPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010201620172009
Current release16.2, February 20247.3.0, May 20207.6.0, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageCJavaGo, RustC++Java
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoImport/export of XML data possiblenonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServeryesSQL-like query language (GSQL)no
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C++
Java
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javanoyesno
Triggersyesyes infovia event handlersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infowith TiSpark Connectoryesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes infofull support since version 6.6yes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
PostgreSQLStardogTiDBTigerGraphTinkerGraph
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
PostgreSQLStardogTiDBTigerGraphTinkerGraph
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