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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score617.90
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score20.09
Rank#35  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#112  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlpingcap.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142016
Current release15.3, May 20233.4.0 ( 2.13), April 20237.0.0, March 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed and hosted PostgreSQL® with 70+ extensions and orchestration tooling included.
  • ScaleGrid for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL DBaaS hosting On-Premises and on clouds such as AWS, Azure, GCP and DigitalOcean with no vendor lock-in. Leverage any extension and get SSH access.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageCScalaGo, Rust
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Corehorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
PostgreSQLSpark SQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an open-source NewSQL database built by PingCAP. TiDB supports Hybrid Transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesIn the current database landscape, infrastructure engineers often have to use one...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is designed to support both OLTP and OLAP scenarios. You can use TiDB , the...
» more
Key customersShopee (E-commerce) BookMyShow.com (E-commerce) Yiguo.com (E-commerce) JD Cloud &...
» more
Market metrics25K+ GitHub Stars for TiDB, and 8K+ GitHub Stars for TiKV 1.6K+ members in TiDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen Source Apache 2.0 with either commercial licensing or fully-hosted DB-as-a-service...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: The familiar open source PostgreSQL® that you know and love, with no proprietary features or add-ons that will lock you in.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
PostgreSQLSpark SQLTiDB
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Conferences and events

PGCon 2023, PostgreSQL Conference for Users and Developers
Ottawa, Canada, 30 May 2023 - 2 June 2023

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