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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score19.56
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationStardog-Union
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142010
Current release16.2, February 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCScalaJava
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
PostgreSQLSpark SQLStardog
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