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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. TinkerGraph vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. TinkerGraph vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APIObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score116.01
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.12
Rank#344  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#329  Overall
#144  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.comtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlinwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.comvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippStardog-UnionParadigma Software
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2000201020091999
Current release16.2, February 20243.45.2  (12 March 2024), March 20247.3.0, May 20205.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCCJavaJava
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Servernoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
TinkerPop 3ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Groovy
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javanoyes
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handlersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication in HA-Clusternone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Clusternone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infovia file-system locksyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptionalyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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