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DBMS > Neo4j vs. RDFox vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. RDFox vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score46.15
Rank#20  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.26
Rank#291  Overall
#23  Graph DBMS
#12  RDF stores
Score113.08
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websiteneo4j.comwww.oxfordsemantic.techwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.techwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Oxford Semantic TechnologiesDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release200720172000
Current release5.23, August 20246.0, Septermber 20223.46.1  (13 August 2024), August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaC++C
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoRDF schemasyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
Java
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno
Triggersyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j Fabricnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyreplication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Roles, resources, and access typesno
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jRDFoxSQLite
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More resources
Neo4jRDFoxSQLite
DB-Engines blog posts

Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones
12 June 2019, Amy Hodler & Mark Needham, Neo4j (guest author)

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2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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22 December 2015, Emil Eifrem (guest author)

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Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking
2 February 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Swedish company accelerates toward IPO with $50M investment at $2B valuation - ArcticStartup
28 November 2024, ArcticStartup

Free Software Foundation rides to defend AGPLv3 against Neo4j license add-ons
4 March 2025, The Register

Neo4j lowers barriers to graph technology with gen AI copilot, 15x read capacity
4 September 2024, VentureBeat

Data Science Firm Neo4j Reportedly Prepping IPO
19 November 2024, PYMNTS.com

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3 March 2025, saastr.com

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Samsung Electronics Announces Acquisition of Oxford Semantic Technologies, UK-Based Knowledge Graph Startup
18 July 2024, Samsung Global Newsroom

Samsung acquires knowledge graph startup Oxford Semantics
18 July 2024, The Stack

Samsung buys UK AI startup to give its products the personal touch
18 July 2024, The Register

University spin-out Oxford Semantic Technologies acquired by Samsung Electronics
16 July 2024, University of Oxford

Use semantic reasoning to infer new facts from your RDF graph by integrating RDFox with Amazon Neptune
20 February 2023, AWS Blog

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Zero-latency SQLite storage in every Durable Object
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12 December 2024, DevClass

How I Track My Music Collection With an Easy SQLite Database
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