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DBMS > Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J vs. Solr

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
RDF storeSearch engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score3.27
Rank#97  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Score0.71
Rank#231  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score44.28
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websiteneo4j.comorientdb.orgrdf4j.orgsolr.apache.org
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentationsolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release2007201020042006
Current release5.18.1, March 20243.2.29, March 20249.5.0, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF Schemasyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language, no joinsnoSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava, JavascriptyesJava plugins
Triggersyes infovia event handlerHooksyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j FabricShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replicationnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurablenoyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jOrientDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSolr
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Neo4jOrientDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSolr
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