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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RDFox vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RDFox vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used in-process key-value storeHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#114  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#309  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websiteneo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.oxfordsemantic.techgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.oxfordsemantic.techgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleOxford Semantic TechnologiesAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2007199420172012
Current release5.19, April 202418.1.40, May 20206.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-freeyes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availablenono
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
C
Java
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnoyes
Triggersyes infovia event handleryes infoonly for the SQL APIyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j Fabricnoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replicationreplication via a shared file systemyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)noRoles, resources, and access typesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jOracle Berkeley DBRDFoxTitan
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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