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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used RDBMSWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.36
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score118.16
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.08
Rank#362  Overall
#38  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websiteneo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.comvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.comvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.OracleDwayne Richard HippStardog-UnionVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20071980200020102011
Current release5.18.1, March 202423c, September 20233.45.2  (12 March 2024), March 20247.3.0, May 20207.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaC and C++CJavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Any that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
.Net
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersyes infovia event handleryesyesyes infovia event handlersCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j FabricSharding, horizontal partitioningnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locksyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesBased on Windows Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jOracleSQLiteStardogVelocityDB
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
News

Neo4j Integrates with Microsoft to Evolve Data Analytics and Enhance GenAI
26 March 2024

This Week in Neo4j: Data Modeling, GenAI, GraphQL, App Development and more
23 March 2024

This Week in Neo4j: Cypher, GenAI, Podcast, Graph Databases and more
16 March 2024

This Week in Neo4j: GenAI, Python, SpringAI, PHP and more
9 March 2024

This Week in Neo4j: GraphAcademy, Algorithms, GenAI, Knowledge Graphs and more
2 March 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Neo4jOracleSQLiteStardogVelocityDB
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