DBMS > MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1172.46
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	617.90
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	20.09
Rank	#35	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Website

www.mysql.com

www.postgresql.org

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

dev.mysql.com/doc

www.postgresql.org/docs

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

1995

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2014

Current release

8.0.33, April 2023

15.3, May 2023

3.4.0 ( 2.13), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

PlanetScale: Deploy a fully managed database with the reliability of MySQL and the scale of open source Vitess with PlanetScale today. Predictably scale, increase workflow velocity, and deploy features with zero downtime.
ScaleGrid for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL hosting On-Premises and on a wide variety of cloud providers. Easily deploy, monitor, provision, and scale your deployments in the cloud.

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed and hosted PostgreSQL® with 70+ extensions and orchestration tooling included.
ScaleGrid for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL DBaaS hosting On-Premises and on clouds such as AWS, Azure, GCP and DigitalOcean with no vendor lock-in. Leverage any extension and get SSH access.

Implementation language

C and C++

Scala

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

3rd parties

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Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance.
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SQLFlow: Provides a visual representation of the overall flow of data. Automated SQL data lineage analysis across Databases, ETL, Business Intelligence, Cloud and Hadoop environments by parsing SQL Script and stored procedure.
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: The familiar open source PostgreSQL® that you know and love, with no proprietary features or add-ons that will lock you in.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market
5 April 2018, Matthias Gelbmann

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

show all

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Driving the Future of PostgreSQL Adoption
15 November 2021, Umair Shahid, Percona (sponsor)

show all

Conferences and events

more DBMS events

PGCon 2023, PostgreSQL Conference for Users and Developers
Ottawa, Canada, 30 May 2023 - 2 June 2023

Recent citations in the news

Oracle Support for MySQL 5.7 Ends Soon, Key Upgrades in 8.0
30 May 2023, The New Stack

Building and deploying MySQL Raft at Meta
16 May 2023, Facebook Engineering

If you don't brush and floss, you're gonna get an abscess – same with MySQL updates
11 May 2023, The Register

The right MySQL persistence.xml example file for JPA 3 and ...
1 May 2023, TheServerSide.com

Modernizing Storage to Drive Optimized MySQL Operations
1 May 2023, Database Trends and Applications

provided by Google News

PostgreSQL 16 advances query parallelism
26 May 2023, InfoWorld

MariaDB's Xpand offers PostgreSQL compatibility without the forking drama
10 May 2023, The Register

How to Migrate from Oracle to PostgreSQL
10 May 2023, hackernoon.com

Devart Tools for PostgreSQL Come with a Massive Update
27 May 2023, PR.com

How to Set Up a PostgreSQL Database on Ubuntu
13 May 2023, AddictiveTips

provided by Google News

Spark SQL Explained with Examples
22 February 2023, Spark By {Examples}

Identifying windows.ipynb · GitHub
29 May 2023, gist.github.com

What is Spark SQL?
6 August 2022, Databricks

Spark SQL Tutorial - Learn Spark SQL
9 May 2023, intellipaat.com

Spark SQL Inner Join Explained
1 January 2023, Spark By {Examples}

provided by Google News

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