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DBMS > Milvus vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB

System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonPouchDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLJavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB
Primary database modelVector DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.81
Rank#144  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score2.12
Rank#125  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#116  Overall
#22  Document stores
Websitemilvus.iogithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgresql.orgpouchdb.com
Technical documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgresql.org/­docspouchdb.com/­guides
DeveloperVesoft Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation
Initial release201920191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2012
Current release2.3.4, January 202416.2, February 20247.1.1, June 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusAiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++, GoC++CJavaScript
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)
Data schemeStrong typed schemayesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateVector, Numeric and Stringyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes infovia views
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST infoonly for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.View functions in JavaScript
Triggersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infowith a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication infoalso with CouchDB databases
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing RocksDByesyes infoby using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
MilvusNebulaGraphPostgreSQLPouchDB
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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Related products and services
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More resources
MilvusNebulaGraphPostgreSQLPouchDB
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