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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. OrientDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. OrientDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score3.38
Rank#96  Overall
#17  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databaseorientdb.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftOracleOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP8Kdata
Initial release1989198020102016
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 20233.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language, no joins
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleJava, Javascript
TriggersyesyesHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno infocould be achieved with distributed queries
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerOracleOrientDBToroDB
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