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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Vector DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.99
Rank#195  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.89
Rank#138  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
github.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdoc.nuodb.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviatewww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerWeaviate B.V.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release198920131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20192019
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202216.2, February 20241.19, May 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate EnterpriseOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C++CGoClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes, maps to GraphQL interfaceschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy referencesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsGraphQL is used as query languagelimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyesyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infotunable commit protocolACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoTemporary tablenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft SQL ServerNuoDBPostgreSQLWeaviateXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
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