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DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQL  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLMySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table typeA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.99
Rank#195  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score5.91
Rank#61  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasewww.postgresql.orgwww.singlestore.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdoc.nuodb.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.singlestore.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSingleStore Inc.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release198920131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20132019
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 202216.2, February 20248.5, January 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infofree developer edition availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities
Implementation languageC++C++CC++, GoClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux info64 bit version requiredAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infobut no triggers and foreign keyslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Cluster Management API infoas HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersyesyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infohash partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infostores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculationsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infotunable commit protocolACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoAll updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoTemporary tablenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access control via users, groups and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft SQL ServerNuoDBPostgreSQLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsSingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more
Competitive advantagesSingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more
Typical application scenariosDriving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more
Key customersIEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more
Market metricsCustomers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsF ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

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More resources
Microsoft SQL ServerNuoDBPostgreSQLSingleStore infoformer name was MemSQLXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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