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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL vs. TigerGraph vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.83
Rank#141  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.tigergraph.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.tigergraph.com
DeveloperMicrosoftApache Software Foundation8Kdata
Initial release2016201420172016
Current release3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ScalaC++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Java
PHP
Java
Python
R
Scala
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLnoyes
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlyesnoRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpark SQLTigerGraphToroDB
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