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DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score19.56
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperMicrosoftApache Software FoundationStardog-Union8Kdata
Initial release2010201420102016
Current releaseV123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ScalaJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, utilizing Spark CorenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQLStardogToroDB
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