DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. STSdb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	78.40
Rank	#15	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	19.15
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.06
Rank	#365	Overall
	#55	Key-value stores

Website

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

spark.apache.org/sql

www.stardog.com

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Microsoft

Apache Software Foundation

Stardog-Union

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2010

2014

2010

2011

Current release

V12

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Scala

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
Python
R
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

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15 November 2023, Microsoft

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27 March 2024, InfoWorld

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18 September 2023, The Register

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