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DBMS > Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score78.40
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#114  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.stardog.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.stardog.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleStardog-UnionAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2010199420102012
Current releaseV1218.1.40, May 20207.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes
Triggersyesyes infoonly for the SQL APIyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracle Berkeley DBStardogTitan
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