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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Speedb

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Speedb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpeedb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAn embeddable, high performance key-value store optimized for write-intensive workloads, which can be used as a drop-in replacement for RocksDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.98
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score659.62
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#338  Overall
#48  Key-value stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.orgwww.speedb.io
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSpeedb
Initial release20191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2020
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases16.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLSpeedb
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Recent citations in the news

Azure Data Explorer: Log and telemetry analytics benchmark
16 August 2022, azure.microsoft.com

Microsoft is closing down another Azure-based feature in the near future
22 July 2024, Neowin

Azure Data Explorer Technology 101
18 July 2023, azure.microsoft.com

Azure Data Explorer Supports Native Ingestion from Amazon S3
7 September 2022, InfoQ.com

Microsoft announces general availability of Azure Data Explorer and Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2
7 February 2019, VentureBeat

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Simplify database authentication management with the Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL pg_ad_mapping extension
10 February 2025, AWS Blog

Microsoft builds open source document database on PostgreSQL, suggests FerretDB as front end
27 January 2025, The Register

YugabyteDB Levels Up its PostgreSQL Compatibility with PG15 Features and Seamless Upgrades
30 January 2025, Business Wire

Seattle Postgres: Managing Transaction Metadata in PostgreSQL
27 January 2025, GeekWire

Microsoft’s new DocumentDB rethinks NoSQL on PostgreSQL
30 January 2025, InfoWorld

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Redis expands data management capabilities with Speedb acquisition
22 March 2024, Blocks and Files

Data unicorn Redis acquires Israeli startup Speedb to boost platform with data storage engine
21 March 2024, CTech

Redis switches licenses, acquires Speedb to go beyond its core in-memory database
21 March 2024, TechCrunch

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3 June 2024, Phoronix

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