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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#121  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score0.52
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-serverwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATESTwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftPerconaPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201920082014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases8.0.36-28, 202410 R1, October 201816.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC and C++CC
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPercona Server for MySQLPostgres-XLPostgreSQL
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