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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSiteWhere  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLM2M integration platform for persisting/querying time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score829.80
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#367  Overall
#36  Time Series DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­sitewhere/­sitewhere
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docssitewhere1.sitewhere.io/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSiteWhere
Initial release201919891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current releasecloud service with continuous releasesSQL Server 2022, November 202216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoCommon Public Attribution License Version 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++CJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyespredefined scheme
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLSiteWhere
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