DBMS > Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. OpenSearch vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. OpenSearch vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app development

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Search engine

Search engine
Vector DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.13
Rank	#62	Overall
	#7	Search engines

Score	17.19
Rank	#32	Overall
	#4	Search engines
	#2	Vector DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#307	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/search

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/search

opensearch.org/docs/latest

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Microsoft

The OpenSearch Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2015

2021

2019

Current release

2.19, February 2025

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
Java
JavaScript
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

yes

using Azure authentication

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