DBMS > Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. TiDB
System Properties Comparison Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. ScyllaDB vs. TiDB
| Editorial information provided by DB-Engines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name | Memgraph Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | ScyllaDB Xexclude from comparison | TiDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store | TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Wide column store | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Key-value store | Document store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Website | memgraph.com | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | www.postgresql.org | www.scylladb.com | pingcap.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | memgraph.com/docs | docs.nebula-graph.io | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.scylladb.com | docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Social network pages |      | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Memgraph Ltd | Vesoft Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ScyllaDB | PingCAP, Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2017 | 2019 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2015 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 16.2, February 2024 | ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024 | 7.6.0, January 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial Free license available | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | Open Source BSD | Open Source Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS | TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C and C++ | C++ | C | C++ | Go, Rust | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux | Linux | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free and schema-optional | Strong typed schema | yes | schema-free | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes | yes cluster global secondary indices | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Bolt protocol Cypher query language | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-BootProprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Proprietary protocol (CQL) compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible) Thrift | GORM JDBC ODBC Proprietary protocol SQLAlchemy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Elixir Go Haskell Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes, Lua | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding dynamic graph partitioning | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | horizontal partitioning (by key range) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication using RAFT | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | yes with TiSpark Connector | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency Tunable Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes relationships in graphs | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | no | yes full support since version 6.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID with snapshot isolation | ACID | ACID | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes | yes using RocksDB | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | no | yes in-memory tables | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Users, roles and permissions | Role-based access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access rights for users can be defined per object | Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Memgraph | NebulaGraph | PostgreSQL | ScyllaDB | TiDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team... » more | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted... » more | TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm... » more | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions... » more | - HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network... » more | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at... » more | TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,... » more | Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput... » more | 34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website . » more | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based... » more | TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related products and services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd parties | pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring. » more Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users. » more Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL » more SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more. » more Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today! » more Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres: An Enterprise Grade PostgreSQL with the flexibility of a hybrid cloud solution combined with industry leading security, availability and performance. » more Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems. » more Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development. » more Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. » more CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Memgraph | NebulaGraph | PostgreSQL | ScyllaDB | TiDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | Graph database company Memgraph raises $9.34M Graph Database Market to grow at a CAGR of 19.9% from 2022 to 2027|Increased demand for low-latency queries is a ... Modeling and Navigating a Transportation Network with Memgraph London-based Memgraph raises over €8 million in seed funding to provide Streaming Graph Algorithms to the masses Making Your Own Memory Graph To Detect Memory Issues On iOS provided by Google News | NebulaGraph Enterprise v5.0: The First Distributed Graph Database to Offer Native GQL Support Celebrating 10,000 GitHub Stars for NebulaGraph | | news-journal.com NebulaGraph Enterprise v3.7.0 Empowers Enterprises to Build Knowledge Graphs with a Few Clicks Vesoft (NebulaGraph) Recognized in the Gartner® Market Guide for Graph Database Management Systems NebulaGraph reaps from China’s growing appetite for graph databases provided by Google News | Handle tables without primary keys while creating Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL zero-ETL integrations with Amazon ... pgEdge Distributed PostgreSQL Introduces Automatic DDL Replication and Snowflake Sequences for Postgres Breaking Boundaries: PostgreSQL 16 is now available on IBM Cloud PeerDB: PostgreSQL Data Movement Platform Company Closes $3.6 Million Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need provided by Google News | ScyllaDB Raises $43M to Take on MongoDB at Scale, Push Database Performance to New Levels ScyllaDB on AWS is a NoSQL Database Built for Gigabyte-to-Petabyte Scale | Amazon Web Services ScyllaDB Launches Scylla Cloud Database as a Service Scylla vs Cassandra: Performance Comparison - DataScienceCentral.com Why Database Software Has Been 'Wasting' Hardware provided by Google News | How a new database architecture supports scale and reliability in TiDB How PingCAP transformed TiDB into a serverless DBaaS using Amazon S3 and Amazon EBS | Amazon Web Services Google Cloud's C3D Instances Provide Strong Performance Value For PingCAP's TiDB PingCAP Launches TiDB 7.5, Enhancing Distributed SQL Database Tech PingCAP Wins 2024 Data Breakthrough Awards provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share this page
