DBMS > MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j vs. Weaviate
System Properties Comparison MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j vs. Weaviate
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Name | MariaDB Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | Weaviate Xexclude from comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL. | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | Graph DBMS | Vector DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with OQGraph storage engine Spatial DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | mariadb.com Site of MariaDB Corporation mariadb.org Site of MariaDB Foundation | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | neo4j.com | github.com/weaviate/weaviate weaviate.io | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | mariadb.com/kb/en/library | docs.nebula-graph.io | neo4j.com/docs | weaviate.io/developers/weaviate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise), MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL | Vesoft Inc. | Neo4j, Inc. | Weaviate B.V. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2009 Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995 | 2019 | 2007 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 11.3.2, February 2024 | 5.19, April 2024 | 1.19, May 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C and C++ | C++ | Java, Scala | Go | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux Solaris Windows ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows | Linux | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | yes Dynamic columns are supported | Strong typed schema | schema-free and schema-optional | yes, maps to GraphQL interface | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | yes with proprietary extensions | SQL-like query language | no | GraphQL is used as query language | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot Proprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph Mapper RESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | GraphQL query language RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | Ada C C# C++ D Eiffel Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | JavaScript / TypeScript Python | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3 | user defined functions | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes | yes via event handler | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Eventual Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes Relationships in graphs | yes Relationships in graphs | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID | ACID | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes not for in-memory storage engine | yes using RocksDB | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes with MEMORY storage engine | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Role-based access control | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | API Keys OpenID Connect Discovery | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MariaDB | NebulaGraph | Neo4j | Weaviate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON... » more | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases.... » more | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability... » more | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured... » more | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | All companies that have data. » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,... » more | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,... » more | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Knowledge Graphs, Open Source AI, GraphQL and more This Week in Neo4j: Nodes 2024, Data Modelling, Events, Knowledge Graphs and more GQL is Here: Your Cypher Queries in a GQL World GQL: The ISO Standard for Graphs Has Arrived What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3rd parties | Navicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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MariaDB | NebulaGraph | Neo4j | Weaviate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support RECOMMENDED CASH OFFER for MARIADB plc by MERIDIAN BIDCO LLC which is an Affiliate of K1 INVESTMENT ... Progress outbids private equity in offer for MariaDB plc Progress Software (PRGS) Has No Intention to Make an Offer for MariaDB plc Progress Software Confirms Bid to Acquire MariaDB MariaDB stock sinks after Progress Software announces no intention to make an offer provided by Google News NebulaGraph Enterprise v5.0: The First Distributed Graph Database to Offer Native GQL Support NebulaGraph Enterprise v3.7.0 Empowers Enterprises to Build Knowledge Graphs with a Few Clicks Vesoft (NebulaGraph) Recognized in the Gartner® Market Guide for Graph Database Management Systems NebulaGraph reaps from China’s growing appetite for graph databases Beginner’s Guide to NebulaGraph Database | by Ng Wai Foong provided by Google News Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' Leveraging Neo4j and Amazon Bedrock for an Explainable, Secure, and Connected Generative AI Solution | Amazon ... provided by Google News Build enterprise-ready generative AI solutions with Cohere foundation models in Amazon Bedrock and Weaviate vector ... Weaviate Partners with Snowflake to Bring Secure GenAI to Snowpark Container Services Weaviate Partners with Snowflake to Bring Secure GenAI to Snowpark Container Services Foley Represents Cortical Ventures in $50M Series B Round for Weaviate Getting Started with Weaviate: A Beginner's Guide to Search with Vector Databases provided by Google News |
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