DBMS > MariaDB vs. MySQL vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle vs. Oracle Berkeley DB
System Properties Comparison MariaDB vs. MySQL vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle vs. Oracle Berkeley DB
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| Name | MariaDB Xexclude from comparison | MySQL Xexclude from comparison | NuoDB Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Berkeley DB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. With MariaDB ColumnStore a column-oriented storage engine is available too. | Widely used open source RDBMS | NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions | Widely used RDBMS | Widely used in-process key-value store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS  Key/Value like access via memcached API | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Key-value store supports sorted and unsorted key sets Native XML DBMS in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with OQGraph storage engine | Document store | Document store Graph DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphRDF store with Oracle Spatial and Graph | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | mariadb.com Site of MariaDB Corporation mariadb.org Site of MariaDB Foundation | www.mysql.com | www.nuodb.com | www.oracle.com/database | www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/database-technologies/berkeleydb/overview/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | mariadb.com/kb/en/library | dev.mysql.com/doc | doc.nuodb.com | docs.oracle.com/en/database | docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise), MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL | Oracle since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun | NuoDB, Inc. | Oracle | Oracle originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2009 | 1995 | 2013 | 1980 | 1994 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 10.4.10, November 2019 | 8.0.18, October 2019 | 19c, February 2019 | 18.1 (Core), June 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available | Open Source GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available | commercial limited edition free | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source commercial license available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Azure Database for MySQL: A fully managed, scalable MySQL relational database with high availability and security built in at no extra cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C and C++ | C and C++ | C++ | C and C++ | C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux Solaris Windows ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | hosted Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer Linux OS X Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows z/OS | AIX Android FreeBSD iOS Linux OS X Solaris VxWorks Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes Dynamic columns are supported | yes | yes | yes Schemaless in JSON and XML columns | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes | no | yes | yes only with the Berkeley DB XML edition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes with proprietary extensions | yes with proprietary extensions | yes | yes with proprietary extensions | yes SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Ada C C# C++ D Eiffel Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | .Net C C++ Go Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | C C# C++ Clojure Cobol Delphi Eiffel Erlang Fortran Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Objective C OCaml Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Tcl Visual Basic | .Net Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET others Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languagesC C# C++ Java Perl Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3 | yes proprietary syntax | Java, SQL | PL/SQL also stored procedures in Java possible | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes only for the SQL API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Horizontal partitioning, sharding with Spider storage engine or Galera cluster Partitioning by range, list, hash, key | horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric | data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written | horizontal partitioning with the optional Oracle Partitioning | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Master-master replication using MariaDB Galera Cluster Master-slave replication | Master-master replication Master-slave replication | yes Managed transparently by NuoDB | Master-master replication Master-slave replication | Master-slave replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no can be realized in PL/SQL | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID tunable commit protocol | ACID isolation level can be parameterized | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engine | yes MVCC | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes not for in-memory storage engine | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes with MEMORY storage engine | yes | yes Temporary table | yes Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory' | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Users with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or roles | Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MariaDB | MySQL | NuoDB | Oracle | Oracle Berkeley DB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Open source database from the creators of MySQL, enhanced with enterprise tools and... » more | Horizontal scale-out, continuous availability, multi-tenant support, ANSI SQL compatible,... » more | Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is a multi-model... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | High availability, scalability, performance beyond MySQL and other databases. » more | NuoDB is a scale-out SQL RDBMS based on a Durable Distributed Caching (DDC) architecture.... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Web, SaaS and Cloud operational/transactional applications that require high availability,... » more | Operational / OLTP database workloads in data centers or public clouds » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Booking.com, Wikipedia, Google, Canal+, ClubMed, Deutsche Telekom, La Poste, Virgin... » more | Dassault Systemes, Santander, Temenos » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,... » more | Fast growing commercial and enterprise customer base IDC Innovators: Dynamically... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | Subscription-based pricing with free community edition and commercial enterprise... » more | Oracle Database Cloud Services Customers can choose from a wide range of database... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | Answers to Your 5 Questions about Database Scalability (Tech Blog) Top 10 FAQs from KubeCon 2019 in San Diego (Tech Blog) How Can I Confirm That My NuoDB Upgrade Completed Successfully? (Tech Blog) NuoDB Golang Operator Now Available, Delivering On Automated Day 2 Operations (Tech Blog) 3 Inflection Points Transforming the Banking Industry (Corporate Blog) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Related products and services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd parties | Azure Database for MariaDB: Easily deploy applications to the cloud. » more Navicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development. » more | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more Navicat for MySQL is the ideal solution for MySQL/MariaDB administration and development. » more ScaleGrid: Fully managed MySQL-as-a-Service. » more Dremio is like magic for MySQL accelerating your analytical queries up to 1,000x. » more Azure Database for MySQL provides fully managed, enterprise-ready community MySQL database as a service » more SQLPro for MySQL: A simple but powerful MySQL database client available on iPhone and iPad as well as macOS. » more General SQL Parser: Instantly adding parsing, decoding, analysis and rewrite SQL processing capability to your products. » more | Dremio is like magic for Oracle accelerating your analytical queries up to 1,000x. » more Navicat for Oracle improves the efficiency and productivity of Oracle developers and administrators with a streamlined working environment. » more General SQL Parser: Instantly adding parsing, decoding, analysis and rewrite SQL processing capability to your products. » more DBHawk: a web-based Oracle database management and self-service BI software. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MariaDB | MySQL | NuoDB | Oracle | Oracle Berkeley DB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | Meet some database management systems you are likely to hear more about in the future | The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Architecting eCommerce Platforms for Zero Downtime on Black Friday and Beyond MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conferences and events | MariaDB OpenWorks 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | Django 3.0 released with built-in async functionality and support for MariaDB and Python 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8 Django 3.0 begins its async-capable journey with ASGI 7 MySQL and MariaDB features you don't want to miss MariaDB announces the release of MariaDB Enterprise Server 10.4 For MariaDB, it’s time to put the pieces together provided by Google News | Laravel and MySQL 8: Fixing MySQL Server Has Gone Away Error Experts Talk Specialized Solutions for MySQL Query Performance Optimization in MySQL Transform Data Into Game-Changing Insights with This SQL Training Understanding Schema Optimization in MySQL provided by Google News | NuoDB Partners with Rancher Labs to Deliver a Cloud-native SQL Database Across Multi-Cloud Environments for Hong Kong FinTech Leader WeLab NuoDB, Rancher Labs partner to help WeLab set up virtual bank Temenos Benchmarks Its Cloud-native Digital Banking Software on AWS and Proves Its Ability to Handle Over Half the World's Banking Transaction Volumes on a Single Instance of the Software NuoDB to Join Intel, & Temenos at SIBOS 2019 to Demonstrate the Power of Distributed SQL Databases NuoDB 4.0 Expands Cloud-native and Cloud-agnostic Capabilities of Distributed SQL Database provided by Google News | Oracle Ranks First in all Four Use Cases for Oracle Database in Gartner's Critical Capabilities for Operational Database Management Systems Report Rimini Street Announces Global Availability of Application Management Services for Oracle Database and Applications Oracle looks to grow multi-model database features Beyond the database: Digging deeper into Oracle’s cloud strategy and its bid to conquer AWS Oracle v. Rimini Street Lawsuit: A Guide provided by Google News | Getting Started with Oracle Berkeley DB Oracle switches Berkeley DB license Database Trends Report: SQL Beats NoSQL, MySQL Most Popular Top Local Databases for React Native App Development {A 2020 List} Under the Hood: Oracle Berkeley DB XML provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Job opportunities | Manager - Customer Success (Account Management) - remote US SQL Server Database Administrator Software Developer Sr. Software Engineer Database Analyst | MySQL Database Engineer - Americas - remote MySQL DBA - remote MongoDB Engineer - remote worldwide Database Administrator (MySQL) Database Administrator (MySQL) | Senior Product Manager | Hyperion FDM / FQDM Consultant / Architect - FDM (Financial Data Management) Oracle Essbase Consultant / Architect Hyperion Planning Consultant / Architect Hyperion HFM Consultant / Architect - HFM (Hyperion Financial Management) Senior Oracle Database Administrator | Senior Systems Engineer Database Engineer, Senior Senior Developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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