DBMS > MariaDB vs. MySQL vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Realm
System Properties Comparison MariaDB vs. MySQL vs. NSDb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Realm
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| Name | MariaDB Xexclude from comparison | MySQL Xexclude from comparison | NSDb Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Realm Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL. | Widely used open source RDBMS | Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS Key/Value like access via memcached API | Time Series DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with OQGraph storage engineSpatial DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | mariadb.com Site of MariaDB Corporation mariadb.org Site of MariaDB Foundation | www.mysql.com | nsdb.io | www.postgresql.org | realm.io | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | mariadb.com/kb/en/library | dev.mysql.com/doc | nsdb.io/Architecture | www.postgresql.org/docs | realm.io/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise), MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL | Oracle since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2009 Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995 | 1995 | 2017 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 11.3.2, February 2024 | 8.3.0, January 2024 | 16.2, February 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available | Open Source GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | Open Source BSD | Open Source | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C and C++ | C and C++ | Java, Scala | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux Solaris Windows ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux macOS | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Android Backend: server-less iOS Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes Dynamic columns are supported | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes: int, bigint, decimal, string | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | all fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes with proprietary extensions | yes with proprietary extensions | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | gRPC HTTP REST WebSocket | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Ada C C# C++ D Eiffel Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | Java Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | .Net Java with Android onlyObjective-C React Native Swift | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3 | yes proprietary syntax | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | yes | yes Change Listeners | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding | horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | no | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes table locks or row locks depending on storage engine | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes not for in-memory storage engine | yes | Using Apache Lucene | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes with MEMORY storage engine | yes | no | yes In-Memory realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Users with fine-grained authorization concept no user groups or roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MariaDB | MySQL | NSDb | PostgreSQL | Realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases.... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | Navicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development. » more | Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for MySQL and many other database management systems. » more CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more Navicat for MySQL is the ideal solution for MySQL/MariaDB administration and development. » more Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup. » more | Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MariaDB | MySQL | NSDb | PostgreSQL | Realm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor Struggling database company MariaDB could be taken private in $37M deal MariaDB (NYSE:MRDB) Shares Up 2.4% Can MariaDB’s enterprise business be saved? MariaDB Receives Takeover Bid | DealFlow's SPAC News Lender threatens to sweep MariaDB accounts over private equity bid provided by Google News Amazon Aurora MySQL version 2 (with MySQL 5.7 compatibility) to version 3 (with MySQL 8.0 compatibility) upgrade ... General Availability: Azure MySQL Import feature for Azure Database for MySQL Single to Flexible Server migrations ... Zendesk Moves from DynamoDB to MySQL and S3 to Save over 80% in Costs First principles: Inside MySQL HeatWave Lakehouse on OCI Insert Data into a MySQL Database via a Python Script provided by Google News pgEdge Distributed PostgreSQL Introduces Automatic DDL Replication and Snowflake Sequences for Postgres Modernize your data architecture using Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL and Amazon QuickSight | Amazon Web Services Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Oracle Introduces PostgreSQL Running Native on OCI General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates provided by Google News Danish CEO explains Silicon Valley learning curve for European entrepreneurs - San Francisco Business Times MongoDB aims to unify developer experience with launch of MongoDB Cloud Kotlin Programming Language Will Surpass Java On Android Next Year Is Swift the Future of Server-side Development? A Quick Look at Open Source Databases for Mobile App Development provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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